Protect Yourself from Seasonal Flu

False 13 English 18 Protect Yourself from Seasonal Flu Shots (Vaccines), Doctor Visits 4/25/2013 4:04:06 PM http://www.healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/glmedia/icons/protectyourselffromseasonalflu.jpg smiling mom, dad, and child http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/Category/doctor-visits/shotsvaccines/protect-yourself-from-seasonal-flu Eat Healthy http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/Category/health-conditions-and-diseases/diabetes/eat-healthy topic Get Important Shots http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/Category/doctor-visits/shotsvaccines/get-important-shots topic Get Enough Sleep http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/Category/everyday-healthy-living/mental-health-and-relationship/get-enough-sleep topic

The Basics Get a seasonal flu shot every year. The flu shot is available starting each fall. Everyone age 6 months and older needs to get a flu shot (vaccine) every year. The seasonal flu vaccine is the best way to protect yourself and others from the flu.For many people, the seasonal flu is a mild illness. But for some people, the flu can lead to:<ul><li>Serious infections like pneumonia (“noo-MOHN-yah”)</li><li>Hospitalization</li><li>Death</li></ul>The flu spreads easily from person to person. When you get the flu shot, you don’t just protect yourself – you also protect the people around you.What is the flu? The flu is caused by a virus that infects your nose, throat, and lungs. It’s easily spread from person to person.Symptoms of the flu include:<ul><li>High fever</li><li>Headache</li><li>Tiredness</li><li>Cough</li><li>Sore throat</li><li>Runny or stuffy nose</li><li>Muscle aches</li></ul>Am I at high risk for complications from the flu? For some people, the flu is more likely to lead to serious illness. If you are at high risk from the flu, get a flu shot as early as you can each year. Groups at high risk from the flu include:<ul ><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/pregnant.htm" >Pregnant women</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/children.htm" >Children under age 5</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/65over.htm" >Older adults</a></li><li><a href="http://www.flu.gov/at-risk/health-conditions/index.html" >People with health conditions</a> like asthma, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, or heart disease</li></ul>If you spend time with someone at high risk from the flu, you can help protect both of you by getting a flu shot.When should I get the seasonal flu shot? Get the flu shot as soon as it’s available in your community each year. After you get the shot, it takes about 2 weeks for your body to develop protection against the flu. That’s why it’s a good idea to get the vaccine before flu season starts.Flu season can be different from year to year. It can start as early as October and last as late as May.Can I get the nasal (nose) spray instead of the shot? The flu vaccine can be given in a nasal spray or a shot. You may get the nasal spray if you:<ul><li>Are between ages 2 and 49</li><li>Aren’t pregnant</li><li>Don’t have certain health conditions, like asthma or diabetes</li></ul>Are there any side effects from the seasonal flu vaccine? Some people may have mild side effects. These side effects begin soon after the vaccine is given and usually last 1 to 2 days. Most people don’t have any side effects after getting the flu vaccine.Flu shot People who get the flu shot sometimes feel sore where they got the shot. You can’t get the flu from the flu shot because it’s made from killed flu viruses.Flu nasal spray People who get the nasal spray may have a stuffy nose or headache afterward. The flu viruses in the nasal spray are weakened and can’t cause the flu.

Take Action! Call your local health department and ask where you can get the flu shot. You can get a flu shot at your doctor’s office or clinic. You may also be able to get a flu shot from your local health department, pharmacy, or employer.Find a flu clinic near you. <a href="http://flushot.healthmap.org/" > Use this flu clinic locator</a> to find out where you can get a flu shot near you.What about cost? The seasonal flu vaccine is covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>, the health care reform law passed in 2010. Depending on your insurance plan, you may be able to get the flu vaccine at no cost to you.Check with your insurance provider to find out what’s included in your plan. <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/news/factsheets/2010/07/preventive-services-list.html" >For information about other services covered by the Affordable Care Act, visit HealthCare.gov</a>.Your flu shot is free if you have Medicare Part B.Fight the flu. Getting the flu vaccine is the most important step in protecting yourself from the flu. Here are some other things you can do to keep from getting and spreading the flu:<ul ><li>Stay away from people who are sick.</li><li>If you are sick, stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone.</li><li>Wash your hands often with soap and warm water.</li><li>Try not to touch your nose, mouth, or eyes.</li><li>Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.</li></ul>

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/pdf/freeresources/updated/take3_step_vac.pdf" >Get answers to frequently asked questions about the flu vaccine [PDF - 422 KB]</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.flu.gov/at-risk/travelers/index.html">Stay safe from the flu while you are traveling</a>.</li><li>Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.</li></ul>

The Basics Talk with your doctor or midwife about newborn screening before your baby is born. Newborn screenings are tests that find diseases or disorders in newborn babies. Most tests are done before your baby leaves the hospital. Newborn screenings will help you make sure your baby grows up healthy. With a simple blood test, doctors can tell whether or not your baby has certain diseases or disorders. Talk about newborn screening with your doctor or midwife before your baby is born.What tests will my baby need? Most states require newborn screening. But the number and types of tests are different in each state. Depending on your family health history, you may want to ask for extra tests.Here are some examples of conditions that can be found early with newborn screening tests.Thyroid disorder The thyroid is a gland in the neck that makes hormones. It’s important to find and treat thyroid disorder early to prevent problems with growth and development.PKU (Phenylketonuria) Babies with PKU can’t process certain foods and must be fed special formula. PKU can cause mental retardation if it’s not treated early.Sickle cell disease Sickle cell disease is a serious blood disorder. It can be watched and treated if it’s found early.Hearing loss Finding out early if your baby has hearing loss can prevent problems with speech and language. If your hospital doesn’t test for hearing loss, make sure to have your baby’s hearing checked within the first month.How are the tests done? Most newborn screening tests use a few drops of blood taken from the heel of your baby’s foot. The same blood can be used to test for many different diseases. These tests don’t cause any harm or risk to the baby. A hearing test uses a small microphone or earphone to check how your baby responds to sounds. For more information, <a href="http://mchb.hrsa.gov/pregnancyandbeyond/newbornscreening/" >visit The Parent’s Guide to Newborn Screening</a>.

Take Action! Find out which tests are offered at the hospital where your baby will be born. If you are pregnant, it’s time to find out about newborn screening.Find out which tests your hospital offers. Talk with your doctor or midwife about newborn screening. Find out which screening tests are offered at the hospital where your baby will be born.If your baby isn’t born at a hospital, he still needs to get screened. Take your baby to a hospital or clinic to get checked within a few days of his birth.<ul ><li><a href="http://www.babysfirsttest.org/newborn-screening/states" >See which screening tests are offered in your state</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/international/relres.html" >Contact your state health department</a> to ask about required newborn screening.</li></ul>What about cost? Some newborn screening tests are covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>, the health care reform law passed in 2010. Depending on your insurance plan, you may be able to get your baby screened at no cost to you.Check with your insurance provider to find out what’s included in your plan. <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/news/factsheets/2010/07/preventive-services-list.html" >For information about other services covered by the Affordable Care Act, visit HealthCare.gov</a>.If you don’t have insurance, you can still get medical care for yourself and your baby. The toll-free telephone numbers below will connect you to the health department in your area code. Ask them about free care.<ul ><li>For information in English, call 1-800-311-BABY (1-800-311-2229).</li><li>For information in Spanish, call 1-800-504-7081.</li></ul>Follow up. Ask your doctor when you will get the test results. Some tests may need to be repeated after 1 or 2 weeks, especially if you leave the hospital before your baby is 24 hours old. Make a plan with your doctor.<a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics//prevention/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=89">Schedule well-baby checkups</a>. Most babies have their first checkup within the first few days of birth. A well-baby visit is when you take your baby to the doctor for a full checkup, separate from any other visit for sickness or injury.Well-baby visits are an important part of keeping your child healthy.Start building your child’s health record now. Keep track of your baby’s test results and shots. Keep medical information in a safe place – you will need it for child care, school, and other activities.Your family’s health history is an important part of your baby’s health record. <a href="https://familyhistory.hhs.gov/fhh-web/home.action" >Use this family health history tool</a> to keep track of your family’s health. Keep a copy with your baby’s other health information.

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/newbornscreening/htm/index.htm" >Watch this short presentation on newborn screening</a>.</li><li>If you have health insurance, find out which newborn screening tests are covered.</li><li><a href="http://www.babysfirsttest.org/newborn-screening/states" >Find out which newborn screenings your state requires</a>. </li></ul>

The Basics Shots (also called vaccinations or immunizations) work best when children get them at certain ages. Shots (also called vaccinations or immunizations) protect children from serious diseases.Getting all the shots recommended by age 2 will protect your child from dangerous diseases, including:<ul><li>Measles</li><li>Whooping cough (pertussis)</li><li>Chickenpox</li><li>Hepatitis A and B</li></ul>Each vaccine protects your child from different diseases. Some vaccines require more than one round of shots. Your child needs all of the shots to be fully protected. It’s important for all children to get shots. The germs – like bacteria and viruses – that cause serious childhood diseases are still around. Each child who isn’t vaccinated gives those germs a chance to spread to other children.When does my child need shots? Shots work best when children get them at certain ages. Doctors follow a schedule of shots that begins at birth.<ul ><li>If your child is age 6 or younger, <a href="http://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/kidstuff/newscheduler_le/" >find out which shots your child still needs</a>.</li><li>If your child is late getting vaccinated, talk to the doctor about “catch-up” shots.</li><li>Doctors recommend that pre-teens ages 11 and 12 get important shots, too. <a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=60">Find out more about shots for pre-teens</a>.</li></ul>Ask the doctor for a list of your child’s shots. Keep the list in a safe place – you will need it for school and other activities.Are there any side effects from shots? Side effects from shots are usually mild and only last a short time. Some children have no side effects at all. Ask the doctor what to expect after your child’s shots.Shots are very safe. Vaccines are tested for years before they are put in use. The risk of harm from shots is very small.Shots don’t cause autism. Research shows that shots don’t cause autism. Autism is a disorder of the brain. Kids with autism have trouble talking and connecting with other people.Some parents notice the first signs of autism at the same age their children get certain shots. They may think the two are connected, but research hasn’t shown any link between vaccines and autism.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/parent-questions.html" >Get answers to common questions about babies and vaccines</a>.

Take Action! Check with the doctor to make sure your child is getting all the recommended shots. Protect your child from serious childhood diseases by making sure she gets all recommended shots.Find out which shots your child needs. Check with your doctor to make sure your child is getting all the recommended shots. If your child is age 6 or younger, <a href="http://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/kidstuff/newscheduler_le/" >find out which shots your child still needs</a>.<a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=18">Get your child a seasonal flu shot every year</a>. Everyone age 6 months and older needs to get the seasonal flu vaccine every year.What about cost? The <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>, the health care reform law passed in 2010, covers recommended shots for kids. Depending on your insurance plan, you may be able to get your child’s shots at no cost to you.Check with your insurance provider to find out what’s included in your plan. <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/news/factsheets/2010/07/preventive-services-list.html" >For information about other services covered by the Affordable Care Act, visit HealthCare.gov</a>.If you don’t have health insurance, you can still get important shots for your child.<ul ><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/parents/qa-detailed.html" >Find out if your child qualifies for free shots</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/international/relres.html" >Call your state health department</a> to find a free or low-cost vaccination program.</li><li><a href="http://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/Search_HCC.aspx" >Find a health center near you</a> to learn more.</li></ul>Tell the doctor about bad reactions. Serious side effects after getting a vaccine – like a severe allergic reaction – are very rare. If your child or another family member has ever had a bad reaction to a vaccine in the past, tell the doctor before your child gets a shot.When your child gets a vaccine, pay extra attention to your child for a few days afterwards. If you see something that worries you, call your child’s doctor.Help make shots easier for your child.<ul ><li>Stay calm.</li><li>Ask the doctor or nurse for tips on how to hold your child during the shot.</li><li>Distract your child during the shot. For example, tell a joke, sing a song, or point to a picture on the wall.</li><li>Praise your child after the shot is over.</li></ul><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/tools/tips-factsheet.html" >Get more tips on making shots less stressful for you and your child</a>.

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="https://www.vacscheduler.org/scheduler.html?v=patient">For children age 6 or younger, use this Catch-Up Immunization Scheduler</a>. </li><li>Find out which shots your kids need before they can start day care, school, or summer camp.</li><li>Write down any upcoming doctor visits on your family calendar.</li></ul>

The Basics All kids need the Tdap, MCV4, and HPV shots at age 11 or 12. They also need an MCV4 booster shot at age 16. Doctors recommend that pre-teens ages 11 and 12 get important shots (also called vaccinations or immunizations). All pre-teens need:<ul ><li>A Tdap booster shot: This shot protects against tetanus (“TET-nes”), diphtheria (“dif-THEER-ee-ah”), and whooping cough (pertussis).</li><li>An MCV4 shot: This shot protects pre-teens against types of meningococcal disease, including meningitis (“men-in-JY-tis”). Meningitis is a very serious infection of the tissue around the brain and spinal cord.</li><li>3 HPV shots: These shots protect against human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV can cause cervical cancer in women and genital warts and anal cancer in women and men. </li><li>A flu shot every year: The flu vaccine is the best way to <a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=18">protect against the flu</a>.</li></ul>Tdap and MCV4 are each given as a single shot when your child visits the doctor at age 11 or 12. The 3 HPV shots are given over a 6-month period starting at age 11 or 12. Your child will also need an MCV4 booster shot at age 16.Why does my child need these shots? Shots can prevent serious diseases. For example, meningitis can cause the loss of an arm or leg or even death. Meningitis and whooping cough can spread easily from person to person.As kids grow older, some of the childhood vaccines begin to wear off. That’s why it’s important to get another Tdap “booster” shot. Also, pre-teens are at greater risk for more diseases as they get older, like meningitis and HPV.Check out these Web sites to learn more about vaccines for pre-teens:<ul><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/who/teens/vaccines/mcv.html" >MCV4</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/who/teens/vaccines/tdap.html" >Tdap</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/vaccine.html" >HPV</a></li></ul>It’s important for all children and pre-teens to get shots. The germs that cause serious childhood diseases are still around. Each person who isn’t vaccinated gives those germs a chance to spread to other people.Are there any side effects from these shots? Side effects from shots are usually mild and only last a short time. Many children have no side effects at all.Vaccines are tested for years before they are put in use. The risk of harm from shots is very small.

Take Action! Call the doctor’s office and ask if your pre-teen is up to date on his shots. Make sure your pre-teen gets important shots.Schedule a checkup for your pre-teen. The Tdap, MCV4, and HPV vaccines are given during your child’s yearly checkup at age 11 or 12. If your child didn’t get these shots at age 11 or 12, make an appointment to get them now.Many states require the Tdap and MCV4 shots for school.What about cost? The <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>, the health care reform law passed in 2010, covers recommended shots for kids. Depending on your insurance plan, you may be able to get your pre-teen’s shots at no cost to you.Check with your insurance provider to find out what’s included in your plan. <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/news/factsheets/2010/07/preventive-services-list.html" >For information about other services covered by the Affordable Care Act, visit HealthCare.gov</a>.If you don’t have health insurance, your pre-teen can still get important shots.<ul ><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/parents/qa-detailed.html" > Find out if your child qualifies for free shots</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/international/relres.html" >Call your state health department</a> to find a free or low-cost vaccination program.</li><li><a href="http://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/Search_HCC.aspx" >Find a health center near you</a> to learn more.</li></ul>Talk to your child about the HPV vaccine. HPV is spread through sexual activity. It’s the most common STD (sexually transmitted disease) in the United States.Some parents feel uncomfortable talking to their children about STDs. If your child is young, you may want to say that the HPV shots prevent cancer.To start a conversation with your pre-teen, try asking what your child already knows about HPV or the HPV vaccine. If you’d like more help talking to your child, <a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTool.aspx?toolId=53">take this list of questions for the doctor about HPV shots</a> to your child’s next appointment.Tell the doctor about bad reactions. Serious side effects after getting a vaccine – like a severe allergic reaction – are very rare. If your child or another family member has ever had a bad reaction to a vaccine in the past, tell the doctor before your child gets a shot.When your child gets a vaccine, pay extra attention to your child for a few days afterwards. If you see something that worries you, call your child’s doctor.

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li>Make an appointment for your pre-teen to get her shots.</li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/vaccine.html">Get the facts about the HPV vaccine</a>.</li><li>Ask the doctor for a print-out of your child’s shots.</li></ul>

The Basics Good tooth care can prevent tooth decay – help your child be proud to smile! Your child’s first teeth (baby teeth) are important. Baby teeth hold space for adult teeth. Take care of your child’s teeth to protect your child from tooth decay (cavities).Tooth decay can:<ul ><li>Cause your child pain</li><li>Make it hard for your child to chew</li><li>Make your child embarrassed to talk or smile</li><li>Create problems for your child’s adult teeth</li></ul>Take simple steps to prevent tooth decay. Most babies will get their first tooth between ages 4 months and 7 months. Start good tooth care habits now so your child’s smile will last!<ul ><li>Start cleaning your child’s teeth as soon as they come in.</li><li>Teach your child to brush 2 times a day.</li><li>Protect your child’s teeth with fluoride (“FLOOR-ide”).</li><li>Give your child healthy, low-sugar foods and drinks.</li><li>Take your child to the dentist for regular checkups.</li></ul><a href="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/OralHealth/Topics/ToothDecay/AHealthyMouthforYourBaby.htm" >Learn more about how to keep your baby’s mouth and teeth healthy</a>.Is my child at risk for tooth decay? Tooth decay is one of the most common childhood diseases. More than 1 in 3 kids have had decay in their baby teeth.Bacteria in the mouth use the sugar in food to cause tooth decay. Eating and drinking lots of sugary foods and drinks puts your child at risk for tooth decay. Good tooth care can prevent tooth decay.

Take Action! Ask the dentist if your child is getting enough fluoride, a mineral that protects teeth from decay. These steps will help you take good care of your child’s teeth.Start with the first tooth. As soon as your baby’s teeth come in, clean them regularly with a clean cloth or a soft children’s toothbrush. Clean them after feeding, especially right before bedtime.Teach your child to brush 2 times a day. Around age 4 or 5, kids can start to brush their own teeth. Watch to make sure your kids brush all their teeth and use only a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste. Remind your kids not to swallow the toothpaste.It’s a good idea to watch your kids brush their teeth until they are age 7 or 8. They may still need you to remind them how to brush carefully and correctly.Make it fun. Getting kids to brush their teeth can be hard. Here are some ideas that may help.<ul ><li>Let your child choose a toothbrush in a favorite color or with a character from a TV show or movie. Just make sure it’s the right size for your child’s mouth.</li><li>Make a checklist and have your child add a sticker after each brushing.</li></ul>Protect your child’s teeth with fluoride. Fluoride is a mineral that helps protect teeth from decay. Here are some ways to make sure your child gets the right amount of fluoride.<ul ><li>Fluoride is added to the drinking water in many towns and cities. Check with your child’s doctor or your local water company to find out if your tap water has fluoride in it.</li><li>Give your child tap water instead of bottled water to drink. Most bottled water doesn’t have enough fluoride in it to protect your child’s teeth from decay.</li><li>If your water doesn’t have fluoride in it, a doctor or dentist can give your child fluoride in other ways, like drops or tablets.</li><li>Start brushing your child’s teeth with fluoride toothpaste at age 2 (or sooner if a dentist or doctor suggests it). Use just a pea-sized amount of toothpaste. If young children swallow too much fluoride, their adult teeth may have white spots.</li></ul>Ask your doctor or dentist if your child is getting enough fluoride.What about cost? Fluoride treatment for kids who don’t have fluoride in their water is covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>, the health care reform law passed in 2010. Depending on your insurance plan, your child may be able to get fluoride treatment at no cost to you.Check with your insurance provider to find out what’s included in your plan. <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/news/factsheets/2010/07/preventive-services-list.html" >For information about other services covered by the Affordable Care Act, visit HealthCare.gov</a>.Ask your child’s dentist about sealants. A sealant is a thin, plastic material put on the tops of back teeth. Like fluoride, sealants help protect teeth from decay. Ask your dentist about whether sealants are right for your child.<a href="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/B0AE6A7A-6BC5-4050-902D-DD395F30D02B/0/Sealants_Eng.pdf" >Get more information about sealants [PDF - 383 KB]</a>.<a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=62">Give your child healthy foods and drinks</a>. Make sure your child gets enough calcium, a mineral that helps make teeth strong. Milk, cheese, and yogurt are good sources of calcium.Milk also has sugar in it, which can harm your child’s teeth if it stays on them for too long. When you give your kids milk to drink, serve it to them with a meal.<ul ><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTool.aspx?toolId=47">Check out this shopping list of foods with calcium</a>.</li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTool.aspx?toolId=1">Get tips to help you make healthy, kid-friendly snacks</a>.</li></ul>Offer your kids water between meals. Give your kids tap water instead of other drinks between meals. Other drinks – including juice, formula, and milk – can have sugar in them. If sugar stays on your child’s teeth for too long, it can lead to tooth decay.Don’t put your baby to bed with a bottle. Milk or formula will stay on your child’s teeth all night and increase your child’s risk for tooth decay.Take your child to the dentist. Take your child to the dentist for a checkup by age 1. Ask your child’s doctor for the name of a dentist who is good with kids.Going to the dentist for the first time can be scary. It might help your child to see you sitting in the dentist’s chair first. You can also ask the dentist to let your child sit in your lap during the checkup.Talk to your child’s dentist about how to clean your child’s teeth and other ways to keep your child’s mouth healthy. After the first visit, make sure to schedule regular dental checkups for your child.What about cost? Your insurance plan may cover dental care for your child. If you don’t have insurance, <a href="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/OralHealth/PopularPublications/FindingLowCostDentalCare/" >find a low-cost dental care program near you</a>.

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/MWF/index.asp" >Check if your city’s water has fluoride in it</a>.</li><li>Don’t forget your own mouth! Brush your teeth 2 times every day with your kids.</li><li><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dental-exam-for-children/MY01098/METHOD=print" >Know what to expect at your child’s dental checkup</a>. </li></ul>

The Basics Get your child’s vision checked by age 6, even if there aren’t any signs of eye problems. It’s important for children to have their vision checked at least once by age 6, even if there aren’t any signs of eye problems.Healthy eyes and vision are very important to a child’s development. Finding and treating eye problems early on can save a child’s sight. Two common eye problems in children are:<ul><li><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001014.htm" >Lazy eye (amblyopia)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001004.htm" >Crossed eyes (strabismus)</a></li></ul>Both of these eye problems can be treated if they are found early.Eye exams are part of regular checkups. The doctor will check your child’s eyes during each checkup, beginning with your child’s first well-baby visit. Around age 3 or 4, your child will have a more complete eye exam to make sure her vision is developing normally. If there are any problems, the doctor may send your child to a special eye doctor. Is my child at risk for eye disease? If your family has a history of childhood vision problems, your child may be more likely to have eye problems. Talk to the doctor about eye problems in your family.

Take Action! Make a list of any eye problems in your family. Take that list to your child’s doctor appointment. Follow these steps to protect your child’s vision.Talk to your child’s doctor. Ask the doctor or nurse if there are any problems with your child’s vision. If the doctor recommends a visit to an eye specialist:<ul ><li>Ask your child’s doctor for the name of an eye doctor who is good with kids. <a href="http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/findprofessional.asp" >You can also use these tips to find an eye doctor</a>.</li><li>Write down any information about your child’s vision problem.</li><li><a href="http://www.preventblindness.org/helpful-tips-your-childs-eye-doctor-visit" >Plan your child’s trip to the eye doctor</a>. </li></ul>What about cost? Vision screening for kids is covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>, the health care reform law passed in 2010. Depending on your insurance plan, your child may be able to get screened at no cost to you.Check with your insurance provider to find out what’s included in your plan. <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/news/factsheets/2010/07/preventive-services-list.html" >For information about other services covered by the Affordable Care Act, visit HealthCare.gov</a>.If you don’t have health insurance, check these Web sites for free or low-cost eye care programs for children.<ul><li><a href="http://www.sightforstudents.org/" >Sight for Students</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.aoa.org/visionusa.xml" >VISION USA</a> </li></ul>Look out for problems. Schedule an eye exam for your child if you see signs of an eye problem, like if your child’s eyes:<ul><li>Are crossed all the time</li><li>Turn out</li><li>Don’t focus together</li><li>Are red, crusted, or swollen around the eyelids</li></ul><a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Pages/Warning-Signs-of-Vison-Problems-in-Children.aspx" >Know the warning signs of vision problems in children</a>. Protect your child’s eyes.<ul ><li>Don’t let your child play with toys that have sharp edges or points.</li><li>Keep sharp or pointed objects, like knives and scissors, away from your child.</li><li>Make sure your child wears the right eye protection for sports.</li><li>Protect your child’s eyes from the sun. Look for kids’ sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays.</li></ul><a href="http://www.preventblindness.org/protecting-young-children-eye-injuries-home-and-play" >Get more tips on preventing eye accidents</a>. Help develop your child’s vision. It takes skill to match what we see with what we want to do – like when we want to bounce a ball or read a book.Here are ways to help your child develop vision skills:<ul ><li><a href="http://kidshealth.org/parent/growth/learning/reading_toddler.html" >Read to your child</a>. As you read, let your child see what you are reading.</li><li>Play with your child using a chalkboard, finger paints, or different shaped blocks.</li><li>Take your child to the playground to climb the jungle gym and walk on the balance beam.</li><li>Play catch with your child.</li></ul>

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li>Install safety locks on all cabinets and drawers where chemicals or sharp objects are stored.</li><li><a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Pages/Recognizing-Vision-Problems.aspx">Know how to spot common vision problems in children</a>. </li><li>Play catch with your child.</li></ul>

The Basics Children learn to talk by watching, listening, and responding to people around them. The first 3 years of your child’s life are the most important for learning to talk. Watch for signs that your child is learning to talk on schedule.How do children learn to talk? Children learn to talk by watching, listening, and responding to people around them.In the first few months, your baby listens to your voice and tries to make the same sounds you do. When you respond to your baby’s sounds, you encourage your child to “talk” more. As your child grows older, he will learn more and more words.How do I know my child is learning to talk on schedule? You can watch for signs (called developmental milestones) to see if your child is learning to talk on schedule. Here are some milestones to look for:<ul ><li>By age 6 months, your baby can repeat sounds like “ba, ba” or “da, da.”</li><li>By age 1, your child can say a few simple words.</li><li>By age 18 months, your child can say several single words.</li><li>By age 2, your child can put words together like “more milk.”</li><li>By age 3, your child can talk using 2 to 3 sentences at a time.</li></ul>What if my child isn’t talking on schedule? Many things can cause a delay in talking, like:<ul ><li>Hearing problems</li><li>Problems with the tongue or roof of the mouth</li><li>A problem in the part of the brain used for talking</li></ul>If you think your child could have a speech or language problem, talk to her doctor. The doctor may send your child to a specialist for help.The best way to help your child with language delays is to find and treat problems early. With early treatment, there is a good chance your child’s speech and language can improve.

Take Action! Visit the library and have your child pick out books for you to read together. You can help your child learn to talk. Try these tips with your child.Talk to your child. Beginning at birth, talk and sing to your child. This will help your child learn to make sounds.<ul ><li>Respond to your child’s words and sounds. For example, your child might point to a banana and say “ee, ee.” You can respond by asking, “Do you want to EAT the banana?”</li><li>Use words as well as hand signals or signs. Using both together can help your child understand what you mean.</li><li>Talk to your child throughout the day. As you walk around your house, name things and describe what you are doing.</li><li>Always respond to your child’s questions.</li><li>Don’t talk baby talk. Speak real words to your child.</li></ul>Read to your child, starting as early as age 6 months. Listening to you read aloud can help your baby learn sounds. Reading can also help her understand language and learn new words as she gets older.Choose books with:<ul ><li>Big pictures in bright colors</li><li>Simple stories</li><li>Numbers and counting, the alphabet, shapes, or sizes</li><li>Rhymes</li></ul>To get your child more involved, talk or sing about the pictures as you read.<ul ><li>Point to the pictures and name what you see.</li><li>Ask your child to point to things on the page.</li><li>As your child gets older, ask her questions about the story.</li></ul><a href="http://kidshealth.org/parent/positive/all_reading/reading_home.html" >Check out these tips on Creating a Reader-Friendly Home</a>. Watch for developmental milestones. Babies and young children develop at their own pace. These checklists of developmental milestones can give you a general idea of what your child will be learning at each stage.<ul ><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-2mo.html" >2 months</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-6mo.html" >6 months</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-1yr.html" >1 year</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-2yr.html" >2 years</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-3yr.html" >3 years</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-4yr.html" >4 years</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-5yr.html" >5 years</a></li></ul><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html" >Get more developmental milestones for ages 2 months to 5 years</a>.If you have concerns, talk with your child’s doctor. If you have concerns about your child meeting a developmental milestone, talk to your child’s doctor or nurse.What about cost? Developmental screenings are covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>, the health care reform law passed in 2010. Depending on your insurance plan, you may be able to get your child screened at no cost to you.Check with your insurance provider to find out what’s included in your plan. <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/news/factsheets/2010/07/preventive-services-list.html" >For information about other services covered by the Affordable Care Act, visit HealthCare.gov</a>.

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/Parent-Stim-Activities.htm">Check out these ways to encourage language development</a>. </li><li>Pick out a book from the library to read to your child.</li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html" >Read more about developmental milestones</a>.</li></ul>

The Basics Babies need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-baby visit” 6 times during their first year. Babies need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-baby visit” 6 times during their first year. A well-baby visit is when you take your baby to the doctor for a full checkup, separate from any other visit for sickness or injury.At these visits, the doctor or nurse can help catch problems early, when they may be easier to treat. A well-baby visit is also a chance to ask any questions you have about caring for your baby.Make the most of your baby’s visit by:<ul ><li>Gathering important information</li><li>Making a list of questions for the doctor</li><li>Knowing what to expect from the visit</li></ul>What about cost? Well-baby visits are covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>. Depending on your insurance plan, your baby may be able to get well-baby checkups at no cost to you. Check with your insurance provider.How often do I need to take my baby for well-baby visits? Babies need to see the doctor or nurse 6 times during their first year. Your baby is growing and changing quickly, so regular visits are important.The first well-baby visit is 2 to 3 days after coming home from the hospital. After that visit, babies need to see the doctor or nurse when they are:<ul><li>1 month old</li><li>2 months old</li><li>4 months old</li><li>6 months old</li><li>9 months old</li></ul>If you are worried about your baby’s health, don’t wait until the next scheduled visit – call the doctor or nurse right away.How do I know if my baby is growing and developing on schedule? Your baby’s doctor or nurse can help you identify the signs (called developmental milestones) to look for in your child at different ages. This is an important part of the well-baby visit.During the first year of life, your baby will reach milestones in how she learns, plays, behaves, and moves. Each baby grows and develops differently. For example, some babies will crawl earlier than others.There are some basic developmental milestones that your doctor or nurse will look for at each visit.By age 1 month, most babies:<ul><li>Are gaining weight</li><li>Have a good sucking reflex</li><li>React to sounds</li><li>Move their arms and legs</li></ul>By age 2 months, most babies:<ul><li>Lift their head when lying on their stomach</li><li>Begin to look at close objects</li><li>Make cooing noises</li><li>Smile</li><li>Have different cries for different feelings (hungry, cranky, uncomfortable)</li></ul>By age 4 months, most babies:<ul><li>Roll over from their stomach to their back</li><li>Try to reach and grab objects</li><li>Put objects in their mouth</li><li>Start babbling</li><li>Laugh</li><li>Recognize a parent’s voice or touch</li></ul>By age 6 months, most babies:<ul><li>Move objects from one hand to the other</li><li>Roll over from their back to their stomach</li><li>Start teething</li><li>Sleep for 6 to 8 hours a night without waking up</li><li>Copy other people’s actions and sounds</li><li>Begin to get scared of new people</li><li>Like hearing their own voice</li></ul>By age 9 months, most babies:<ul><li>Crawl</li><li>Sit for long periods of time without support</li><li>Feed themselves with their fingers</li><li>Throw and shake toys</li><li>Understand the meaning of “no”</li><li>Respond to their name</li><li>Wave bye-bye</li><li>Play games like peek-a-boo and pat-a-cake</li></ul>Remember, each baby develops a little differently. If you are concerned about your child’s growth and development, talk to your baby’s doctor or nurse.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" >Learn more about newborn and infant development</a>.

Take Action! Make a list of any important changes in your baby’s life since the last doctor’s visit. Take these steps to help you and your baby get the most out of well-baby visits to the doctor.Gather important information. Take any medical records you have to the appointment, including a record of shots your baby has received and results from newborn screenings. Make a list of any important changes in your baby’s life since the last doctor’s visit, like:<ul><li>Being sick</li><li>Falling or getting injured</li><li>Starting daycare or getting a new caregiver</li></ul><a href="https://familyhistory.hhs.gov/fhh-web/home.action" >Use this tool to keep track of your baby’s family health history</a>.Make a list of questions you want to ask the doctor. Write down 3 to 5 questions before the well-baby visit. Each well-baby visit is a great time to ask the doctor or nurse any questions about:<ul ><li>How your baby is growing and developing</li><li>How your baby is sleeping</li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=50">Breastfeeding your baby</a></li><li>When and how to start giving your baby solid foods</li><li>What changes and behaviors to expect in the coming months</li><li>How to make sure your home is safe for a growing baby</li></ul>Here are some important questions to ask.<ul ><li>Is my baby up to date on shots?</li><li>How can I make sure my baby is getting enough to eat?</li><li>Is my baby at a healthy weight?</li><li>Is my baby getting enough sleep?</li></ul>Take a notepad and write down the answers so you can remember them later.Know what to expect. During each well-baby visit, the doctor or nurse will ask you questions about your baby and do a physical exam. The doctor or nurse will then update your baby’s medical history with all of this information.Questions the doctor or nurse may ask:<ul ><li>Behavior – Does your baby copy your movements and sounds?</li><li>Health – How many diapers does your baby wet each day?</li><li>Safety – <a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=63">If you live in an older home, has it been inspected for lead</a>?</li><li>Activity – Does your baby try to roll over?</li><li>Eating habits – How often does your baby eat each day?</li><li>Family – Do you have any worries about being a parent?</li></ul>Your answers to these questions will help the doctor or nurse make sure your baby is healthy. See what else the doctor may ask when your baby is:<ul ><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/1%20Month/A.Inf.SQ.1month.pdf" >1 month old [PDF - 246 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/2%20Month/A.Inf.SQ.2month.pdf" >2 months old [PDF - 250 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/4%20Month/A.Inf.SQ.4month.pdf" >4 months old [PDF - 250 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/6%20Month/A.Inf.SQ.6month.pdf" >6 months old [PDF - 250 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/9%20Month/A.Inf.SQ.9month.pdf" >9 months old [PDF - 246 KB]</a> </li></ul>The doctor or nurse will also check your baby’s body. The doctor or nurse will:<ul ><li>Measure height, weight, and the size of your baby’s head</li><li>Take your baby’s temperature</li><li>Check your baby’s vision and hearing</li><li>Check your baby’s body parts</li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=59">Give needed shots</a></li></ul><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/healthy-baby/PR00026/METHOD=print" >Find out more about what to expect at your baby’s well-baby visit</a>. Know what to do if your baby gets sick. Make sure you know how to get in touch with a doctor or nurse when the office is closed. Ask the doctor’s office if there is a nurse information service you can call at night or on weekends.

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/index.html">Take the developmental milestones quiz</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/media/video/postpartum-depression.shtml">Watch this video on postpartum (after birth) depression</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.brightfutures.org/mentalhealth/pdf/families/in/child_care.pdf">Get tips to help you find childcare [PDF - 64 KB]</a>. </li></ul>

The Basics Kids need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-child visit” 7 times between the ages of 1 and 4. Kids need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-child visit” 7 times between the ages of 1 and 4. A well-child visit is when you take your child to the doctor for a full checkup, separate from any other visit for sickness or injury.At these visits, the doctor or nurse can help catch problems early, when they may be easier to treat. A well-child visit is also a chance to ask any questions you may have about your child’s behavior, eating habits, or sleeping habits.Make the most of your child’s visit by:<ul ><li>Gathering important information</li><li>Making a list of questions for the doctor</li><li>Knowing what to expect from the visit</li></ul>What about cost? Well-child visits are covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>. Depending on your insurance plan, your child may be able to get well-child checkups at no cost to you. Check with your insurance provider.How often do I need to take my child for well-child visits? Young children grow quickly, so they need to visit with the doctor or nurse regularly to make sure they are healthy.Children ages 1 to 4 need to see the doctor or nurse when they are:<ul><li>12 months old</li><li>15 months old (1 year and 3 months)</li><li>18 months old (1 year and 6 months)</li><li>24 months old (2 years)</li><li>30 months old (2 years and 6 months)</li><li>3 years old</li><li>4 years old</li></ul>If you are worried about your child’s health, don’t wait until the next scheduled visit – call the doctor or nurse right away.How do I know if my child is growing and developing on schedule? Each child grows and develops differently. For example, some children will take longer to start talking than others.Your child’s doctor or nurse can help you identify the signs (called developmental milestones) to look for in your child at different ages. This is an important part of the well-child visit.There are some basic developmental milestones that your doctor or nurse will look for at each visit.By age 12 months, most kids:<ul><li>Have 1 to 8 teeth</li><li>Stand up by pulling on a table or chair</li><li>Walk with help (or on their own)</li><li>Try to copy animal sounds</li><li>Say “mamma” and “dada”, plus 1 or 2 other words</li></ul>By age 15 months, most kids:<ul><li>Bend to reach the floor without falling</li><li>Put blocks in a cup</li><li>Make scribbles with crayons</li><li>Take toys over to show a parent</li><li>Listen to a story and look at pictures</li></ul>By age 18 months, most kids:<ul><li>Try to run</li><li>Climb onto small chairs without help</li><li>Build towers of 2 to 4 blocks</li><li>Use a spoon to eat and a cup to drink (with help)</li><li>Take off simple pieces of clothing (like socks and hats)</li></ul>By age 24 months, most kids:<ul><li>Turn a doorknob</li><li>Kick a ball without losing their balance</li><li>Have at least 16 teeth</li><li>Can tell someone when they are hungry, thirsty, or need to use the bathroom</li><li>Understand commands with 2 steps (“Put on your shoes and then get your ball.”)</li></ul>By age 30 months, most kids:<ul><li>Point to different body parts when asked (“Point to your nose.”)</li><li>Play simple games, like tag, with other kids</li><li>Brush their teeth with help</li><li>Jump up and down in one place</li><li>Put on their clothes with help</li></ul>By age 3 years, most kids: <ul><li>Have all 20 “baby” teeth</li> <li>Use the toilet during the day (may still need a diaper overnight)</li> <li>Copy a circle when drawing</li> <li>Ride a tricycle</li> <li>Speak in sentences of 3 to 4 words</li> <li>Ask questions</li> <li>Know their name, age, and sex</li> </ul> By age 4 years, most kids: <ul><li>Hop on one foot</li> <li>Cut out a picture using child-safe scissors</li> <li>Throw a ball overhand</li> <li>Count to at least 4</li> <li>Ask lots of questions</li> <li>Play with imaginary (pretend) friends</li> </ul> <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/childdevelopment.html">Learn more about child development</a>.

Take Action! Make a list of questions to ask the doctor. Take this list to the next appointment. Take these steps to help you and your child get the most out of visits to the doctor.Gather important information. Take any medical records you have to the appointment, including a record of shots your child has received. Make a list of any important changes in your child’s life since the last doctor’s visit, like:<ul><li>A serious illness or death in the family</li><li>A separation or divorce</li><li>A change in childcare</li></ul><a href="https://familyhistory.hhs.gov/fhh-web/home.action" >Use this tool to keep track of your child’s family health history</a>.Make a list of questions you want to ask the doctor. Write down 3 to 5 questions before the well-child visit. This visit is a great time to ask the doctor or nurse any questions related to:<ul ><li>A medical condition your child has (like an allergy)</li><li>Changes in sleeping or eating habits</li><li>How to help kids in the family get along</li></ul>Some important questions include:<ul ><li>Is my child up to date on shots?</li><li>How can I make sure my child is getting enough physical activity?</li><li>Is my child at a healthy weight?</li><li>How can I help my child try different foods?</li></ul>Take a notepad and write down the answers so you remember them later.Before your child’s visit, talk with others who also care for your child, like a grandparent or babysitter. They may be able to help you think of questions to ask the doctor or nurse.Know what to expect. During each well-child visit, the doctor or nurse will ask you questions about your child and do a physical exam. The doctor or nurse will then update your child’s medical history with all of this information.Questions the doctor or nurse may ask:<ul ><li>Behavior – Does your child have trouble following directions?</li><li>Health – Does your child often complain of headaches or other pain?</li><li>Safety – Does your child always sit in the back seat using a car safety seat?</li><li>Activities – What types of games or activities does your child like to do with other kids?</li><li>Eating habits – What does your child eat on a normal day?</li><li>Family – Have there been any changes in your family since your last visit?</li></ul>Your answers to these questions will help the doctor or nurse make sure your child is healthy. See what else the doctor may ask when your child is:<ul ><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/12%20Month/B.ECh.SQ.12month.pdf" >12 months old [PDF - 246 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/15%20Month/B.ECh.SQ.15month.pdf" >15 months old (1 year and 3 months) [PDF - 246 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/18%20Month/B.ECh.SQ.18month.pdf" >18 months old (1 year and 6 months) [PDF - 246 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/2%20Year/B.ECh.SQ.2yr.pdf" >24 months old (2 years) [PDF - 242 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/2.5%20Year/B.ECh.SQ.2.5.pdf" >30 months old (2 years and 6 months) [PDF - 246 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/3%20Year/B.ECh.SQ.3yr.pdf" >3 years old [PDF - 242 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Other%203/B.ECh.SQ.4yr.pdf" >4 years old [PDF - 242 KB]</a> </li></ul>The doctor or nurse will also check your child’s body. The doctor or nurse will:<ul ><li>Measure your child’s height and weight</li><li>Check your child’s blood pressure</li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=67">Check your child’s vision</a></li><li>Check your child’s body parts</li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=59">Give needed shots</a></li></ul>

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="http://bblocks.samhsa.gov/Family/Time/tips.aspx">Have special one-on-one time with your child every day</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/milestones-tracker.pdf" >Use this sheet to track your child’s shots and developmental milestones [PDF - 360 KB]</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002207.htm">Get tips on effective “time out” for bad behavior</a>.</li></ul>

The Basics Kids ages 5 to 10 need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-child visit” once a year. Kids ages 5 to 10 need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-child visit” once a year. A well-child visit is when you take your child to the doctor for a full checkup, separate from any other visit for sickness or injury.At these visits, the doctor or nurse can help catch problems early, when they may be easier to treat. A well-child visit is also a chance to ask any questions you may have about your child’s behavior or development.Make the most of your child’s visit by:<ul ><li>Gathering important information</li><li>Making a list of questions for the doctor</li><li>Knowing what to expect from the visit</li></ul>What about cost? Well-child visits are covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>. Depending on your insurance plan, your child may be able to get well-child checkups at no cost to you. Check with your insurance provider.How do I know if my child is growing and developing on schedule? Your child’s doctor or nurse can help you identify the signs (called developmental milestones) to look for in your child. This is an important part of the well-child visit.Some developmental milestones for children ages 5 to 10 include:<ul ><li>Developing skills for success in school (like sorting, counting, and language skills)</li><li>Taking over body care (like bathing, brushing teeth, and getting dressed)</li><li>Learning from mistakes or failures and trying again</li><li>Helping out with simple chores</li><li>Following family rules</li><li>Bringing friends home to play and getting invited to friends’ homes</li><li>Joining school clubs, teams, or other activities</li></ul><a href="http://www.brightfutures.org/tools/BFtoolsMC.pdf" >Learn more about the social and emotional development of kids ages 5 to 10 [PDF - 848 KB]</a>.

Take Action! Keep a list of questions you want to ask the doctor. Take this list to the next appointment. Take these steps to help you and your child get the most out of visits to the doctor.Gather important information. Take any medical records you have to the appointment, including a record of shots your child has received. Make a list of any important changes in your child’s life since the last doctor’s visit, like:<ul><li>A new brother or sister</li><li>A serious illness or death in the family</li><li>A new school or a move to a new neighborhood</li></ul><a href="https://familyhistory.hhs.gov/fhh-web/home.action" >Use this tool to keep track of your child’s family health history</a>.Make a list of questions you want to ask the doctor. Write down 3 to 5 questions before the well-child visit. This visit is a great time to ask the doctor or nurse any questions related to:<ul ><li>A medical condition your child has (like asthma)</li><li>Changes in behavior or mood</li><li>Problems in school with learning or friends</li></ul>Some important questions include:<ul ><li>Is my child up to date on shots?</li><li>How can I make sure my child is getting enough physical activity?</li><li>Is my child at a healthy weight?</li></ul>Take a notepad and write down the answers so you can remember them later.Know what to expect. During each well-child visit, the doctor or nurse will ask you questions about your child and do a physical exam. The doctor or nurse will then update your child’s medical history with all of this information.Questions the doctor or nurse may ask:<ul ><li>Behavior – Does your child have trouble following directions at home or at school?</li><li>Health – Does your child often complain of headaches or other pain?</li><li>School – Does your child look forward to going to school?</li><li>Activity – What does your child like to do after school?</li><li>Eating habits – What does your child eat on a normal day?</li><li>Family – Have there been any changes in your family since your last visit?</li></ul>Your answers to these questions will help the doctor or nurse make sure your child is healthy. Find out more about questions the doctor may ask:<ul ><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/5,%206%20Year/CMCh.SQ.5,6yr.pdf" >Ages 5 and 6 [PDF - 246 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/7,%208%20Year/C.MCh.SQ.7,8yr.pdf" >Ages 7 and 8 [PDF - 246 KB]</a> </li><li><a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/9,%2010%20Year/C.MCh.SQ.9,10yr.pdf" >Ages 9 and 10 [PDF - 246 KB]</a> </li></ul>The doctor or nurse will also check your child’s body. The doctor or nurse will:<ul ><li>Measure your child’s height and weight</li><li>Check your child’s blood pressure</li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=59">Give needed shots</a></li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=67">Check your child’s vision</a></li><li>Check your child’s body parts</li></ul>

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="http://www.fns.usda.gov/multimedia/Games/Blastoff/BlastOff_Game.html">Share this health and nutrition game with your child</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.brightfutures.org/mentalhealth/pdf/families/mc/love_your_child.pdf">Try these free ways to show your child you care [PDF - 43 KB]</a>. </li><li><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/divorce/HO00055/METHOD=print">Get tips to help your kids deal with a separation or divorce</a>. </li></ul>

The Basics Kids need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-child visit” once a year between the ages of 11 and 14. Kids ages 11 to 14 need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-child visit” once a year. A well-child visit is when you take your child to the doctor for a full checkup, separate from any other visit for sickness or injury.At these visits, the doctor or nurse can help catch problems early, when they may be easier to treat. Make the most of your child’s visit by:<ul ><li>Gathering important information</li><li>Making a list of questions for the doctor</li><li>Knowing what to expect from the visit</li><li>Helping your pre-teen or teen get more involved in the visit</li></ul>What about cost? Well-child visits are covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>. Depending on your insurance plan, your child may be able to get well-child checkups at no cost to you. Check with your insurance provider.How do I know if my child is growing and developing on schedule? Your child’s doctor or nurse can help you identify the signs (called developmental milestones) to look for in your child. This is an important part of the well-child visit.Some developmental milestones are related to your child’s behavior and learning, and others are about physical changes to your child’s body.What are some of the changes I might see in my child’s feelings, relationships, and behavior? Some developmental milestones for pre-teens and teens ages 11 to 14 include:<ul ><li>More interest in their looks and clothes</li><li>Mood swings (going quickly from happy to sad or sad to happy)</li><li>More concern about what their friends and classmates think</li><li>Stronger problem-solving skills</li><li>Clearer sense of right and wrong</li></ul>This is a time when some children may start showing signs of depression or eating problems.<ul ><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=85">Make sure the doctor screens your teen for depression</a>.</li><li><a href="http://kidshealth.org/parent/emotions/feelings/eating_disorders.html" >Know the signs of eating disorders</a>. </li></ul>What are some of the physical changes my child will go through? Many kids ages 11 to 14 are going through puberty. Puberty is when a child’s body develops into an adult’s body.For girls, puberty usually happens between ages 10 and 14. For boys, it usually happens between ages 12 and 16.<a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/pages/Whats-Happening-to-my-Body.aspx" >Get more information about puberty to share with your kids</a>. You can help by giving your child information about what changes to expect during puberty. You can also encourage your child to ask questions of other trusted adults, like a doctor or nurse.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002003.htm" >Learn more about pre-teen and teen development</a>.

Take Action! Have your child write down questions for the doctor. Take these steps to help you and your child get the most out of visits to the doctor.Gather important information. Take any medical records you have to the appointment, including a record of vaccinations (shots) your child has received. Make a list of any important changes in your child’s life since the last visit, like:<ul><li>A separation or divorce</li><li>A new school or a move to a new neighborhood</li><li>A serious illness or death</li></ul><a href="https://familyhistory.hhs.gov/fhh-web/home.action" >Use this tool to keep track of your child’s family health history</a>.Make a list of questions you want to ask the doctor. This visit is a great time to ask the doctor or nurse any questions related to:<ul ><li>A medical condition your child has (like an allergy)</li><li>Changes in behavior or mood</li><li>Sudden lack of interest in favorite activities</li></ul>Some important questions include:<ul ><li>How can I make sure my child is getting enough physical activity?</li><li>Is my child at a healthy weight?</li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=60">Is my pre-teen up to date on shots</a>?</li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=77">How do I talk to my child about sex</a>?</li></ul>Take a notepad and write down the answers so you can remember them later.Know what to expect. During each well-child visit, the doctor or nurse will ask you and your teen questions and do a physical exam. The doctor will use this information to update your child’s medical history.Questions the doctor or nurse may ask:<ul ><li>Behavior – Does your child have trouble following directions at home or at school?</li><li>Health – Does your child often complain of headaches or other pain?</li><li>Safety – Does anyone in your home have a gun? If so, is it unloaded and locked in a place where your child can’t get it?</li><li>School – Does your child look forward to going to school?</li><li>Activities – What does your child like to do after school?</li><li>Eating habits – What does your child eat on a normal day?</li><li>Family – Have there been any changes in your family since your last visit?</li></ul>Your answers to these questions will help the doctor or nurse make sure your child is healthy. <a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Visit%20Forms%20by%20Age%20110/11-14%20Year/D.Adol.SQ.Parent.OC-EA.pdf" > See a list of other questions the doctor may ask [PDF - 279 KB]</a>. The doctor or nurse will also check your child’s body. The doctor or nurse will check your child’s:<ul ><li>Height and weight</li><li>Blood pressure</li><li>Vision</li><li>Body parts</li></ul>The doctor or nurse will also give your child any needed shots.Help your child get more involved in doctors’ visits. Once your child starts puberty, the doctor will usually ask you to leave the room during your child’s physical exam. This is an important step in teaching your child to take control of her health care.It also lets your child develop a relationship with the doctor or nurse and gives him a chance to ask questions in private. Your child can also:<ul ><li>Call to schedule appointments</li><li>Help you fill out medical forms</li><li><a href="http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/medical_care/questions_doctor.html" >Write down questions for the doctor or nurse</a> </li></ul><a href="http://kidshealth.org/parent/positive/family/teen_health_care.html?tracking=P_RelatedArticle#cat20650" >Get more tips on helping kids take charge of their health care</a>.

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/wecan/reduce-screen-time/tips-to-reduce-screen-time.htm">Set time limits for playing video and computer games</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.drugabuse.gov/family-checkup">Get tips to keep your kids healthy and drug free</a>.</li><li><a href="http://www.onguardonline.gov/articles/0012-kids-and-socializing-online">Talk to your child about how to use social media safely</a>. </li></ul>

The Basics Teens need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-child visit” once a year between the ages of 15 and 17. Teens ages 15 to 17 need to go to the doctor or nurse for a “well-child visit” once a year. A well-child visit is when you take your teen to the doctor for a full checkup, separate from any other visit for sickness or injury.At these visits, the doctor or nurse can help catch problems early, when they may be easier to treat. Make the most of your teen’s visit by:<ul ><li>Gathering important information</li><li>Making a list of questions for the doctor</li><li>Knowing what to expect from the visit</li><li>Helping your teen get more involved in the visit</li></ul>What about cost? Well-child visits are covered under the <a href="http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/rights/preventive-care/index.html" >Affordable Care Act</a>. Depending on your insurance plan, your teen may be able to get well-child checkups at no cost to you. Check with your insurance provider.How do I know if my teen is growing and developing on schedule? Your child’s doctor or nurse can help you identify the signs (called developmental milestones) to look for in your teen. This is an important part of the well-child visit.Some developmental milestones are related to your teen’s behavior and learning, and others are about physical changes to your teen’s body.What are some of the changes I might see in my teen’s behavior, feelings, and relationships? Some developmental milestones for teens ages 15 to 17 include:<ul ><li>More interest in sex and romantic relationships</li><li>Less time spent with parents or family and more time spent with friends</li><li>More worry about the future (like going to college or finding a job)</li><li>Less fighting with parents than during ages 11 to 14</li></ul>This is a time when some children may start showing signs of depression or eating problems. Your teen may also have a girlfriend or boyfriend.<ul ><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=85">Make sure the doctor screens your teen for depression</a>.</li><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicID=88">Talk with your teen about healthy relationships</a>.</li></ul>What are some of the physical changes my teen will go through? Teens ages 15 to 17 are typically finishing puberty. Puberty is when a child’s body develops into an adult’s body.Every child starts going through puberty at a different age. Many girls finish puberty by age 15. For boys, puberty may continue until age 17 or older.<a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/pages/Whats-Happening-to-my-Body.aspx" >Get more information about puberty to share with your kids</a>. Teens might not ask you questions about sex, their bodies, or relationships. That’s why it’s a good idea for you to start the conversation.<ul ><li><a href="http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/ViewTopic.aspx?topicId=77">Learn more about talking with your teen about sex</a>.</li><li>Encourage your teen to ask his doctor or nurse questions about changes in his body.</li></ul>

Take Action! Suggest to your teen that she make a list of questions to ask the doctor at her next appointment. Take these steps to help you and your teen get the most out of visits to the doctor.Gather important information. Take any medical records you have to the appointment, including a record of vaccinations (shots) your child has received. Make a list of any important changes in your family or teen’s life since the last visit, like:<ul><li>A separation or divorce</li><li>A new school or a move to a new neighborhood</li><li>A serious illness or death</li></ul><a href="https://familyhistory.hhs.gov/fhh-web/home.action" >Use this tool to keep track of your child’s family health history</a>.Make a list of questions you want to ask the doctor. This visit is a great time to ask the doctor or nurse any questions related to:<ul ><li>A medical condition your child has (like asthma)</li><li>Changes in your teen’s behavior or mood</li><li>Your teen’s sexual development</li></ul>Some important questions include:<ul ><li>How can I make sure my teen is getting enough physical activity?</li><li>Is my teen at a healthy weight?</li><li>How can I set rules more effectively?</li></ul>Take a notepad and write down the answers so you can remember them later.Know what to expect. During each well-child visit, the doctor or nurse will ask you and your teen questions and do a physical exam. The doctor or nurse will use this information to update your teen’s medical history.Questions the doctor or nurse may ask your teen:<ul ><li>Behavior – Do you have trouble following directions at home or at school?</li><li>Health – Do you regularly have headaches or other pain?</li><li>Safety – Do you always wear a seatbelt in the car?</li><li>School – Do you look forward to going to school?</li><li>Activities – What do you like to do after school?</li><li>Eating habits – What do you eat on a normal day?</li><li>Family – Have there been any changes in your family since your last visit?</li></ul>The answers to these questions will help the doctor or nurse make sure your child is healthy. <a href="http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Other%203/D.Adol.SQ.Patient.15-17yr.pdf" >See a list of other questions the doctor may ask [PDF - 287 KB]</a>. The doctor or nurse will also check your teen’s body. The doctor or nurse will:<ul ><li>Measure your teen’s height and weight</li><li>Check your teen’s blood pressure</li><li>Check your teen’s body parts</li><li>Give needed shots</li></ul>If your teen is sexually active or thinking about becoming sexually active, the doctor or nurse will talk to your child about preventing pregnancy and STDs (sexually transmitted diseases).Help your teen get more involved in doctors’ visits. The doctor will usually ask you to leave the room during your teen’s physical exam. This is an important step in teaching your child to take control of her health care.It also lets your child develop a relationship with the doctor or nurse and gives him a chance to ask questions in private.Your child can also:<ul ><li>Call to schedule appointments</li><li>Help you fill out medical forms</li><li><a href="http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/medical_care/questions_doctor.html" >Write down questions for the doctor or nurse</a> </li></ul><a href="http://kidshealth.org/parent/positive/family/teen_health_care.html?tracking=P_RelatedArticle#cat20650" >Get more tips on helping teens take charge of their health care</a>.

Start Today: Small Steps <ul><li><a href="http://www.brightfutures.org/mentalhealth/pdf/families/ad/calm.pdf">Use the CALM technique to improve communication with your child [PDF - 44 KB]</a>. </li><li>Have dinner with your teen tonight.</li><li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/adolescence2.html">Get tips on positive parenting</a>.</li></ul>